Abstract
AB Aquatic Biology Contact the journal Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AB 21:57-65 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00571 Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on swimming performance in crucian carp Liu-Yi Penghan, Zhen-Dong Cao, Shi-Jian Fu* Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, PRChina *Corresponding author: shijianfu9@hotmail.com ABSTRACT: Changing environmental conditions may affect the swimming performance of fish by affecting energy sources through changes in temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). It has become increasingly important to investigate the effect of temperature and DO on the swimming performance of fish species as hypoxia in aquatic environments worldwide is increasing due to the effects of anthropogenic global warming. To test how different swimming modes respond to thermal and DO changes, 3 measures of swimming performance were tested: critical swimming speed (Ucrit), constant acceleration speed (Ucat), and maximum speed during a fast-start (Ufast). The changes in these 3 aspects of swimming performance in juvenile crucian carp Carassius carassius were quantified at 2 different temperatures (10 and 20°C) and 3 different DO concentrations (2.5, 5, and 9 mg l-1). Ucat was ca. 110 to 156% of Ucrit, whereas Ufast was ca. 394 to 472% of Ucrit, depending on the experimental conditions. Temperature had a significant effect on all 3 measures of swimming performance, whereas DO had significant effects only on Ucat and Ucrit (Ucrit but not Ucat decreased in the 2.5 mg l-1 DO group). The active metabolic rate (MO2active) under the different experimental conditions suggested that the decrease in Ucrit at a lower temperature and DO level could be partially explained by a decrease in oxygen uptake capacity. These results indicate that all 3 swimming measurements should be used when addressing how temperature affects swimming performance. KEY WORDS: Aerobic and anaerobic locomotion · Constant acceleration speed · Critical swimming speed · Crucian carp · Environmental condition · Fast-start swimming performance · Swimming performance Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Penghan LY, Cao ZD, Fu SJ (2014) Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on swimming performance in crucian carp. Aquat Biol 21:57-65. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00571 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AB Vol. 21, No. 1. Online publication date: June 18, 2014 Print ISSN: 1864-7782; Online ISSN: 1864-7790 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.
Highlights
Swimming is an important physiological activity and a survival-determining function for fish because it plays a role in food capture, predator avoidance and reproductive behavior
In the early stages of acceleration swimming, energy is largely derived from the breakdown of PCr and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Dobson & Hochachka 1987, Marras et al 2010), whereas glycogenolysis provides the majority of the ATP required to sustain muscular exertion at later stages (Dobson & Hochachka 1987, Wood 1991)
The thermal sensitivity of different swimming modes differs among fish species
Summary
Swimming is an important physiological activity and a survival-determining function for fish because it plays a role in food capture, predator avoidance and reproductive behavior. The constant acceleration speed (Ucat; duration of minutes) and fast-start swimming (Ufast; duration of seconds) have been viewed as forms of unsteady swimming, which are highly important in evading predatory strikes (Webb 1986, Katzir & Camhi 1993, Walker et al 2005). The Ufast test, which is completed in seconds, is powered by intracellular stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (PCr) and is most likely limited by neuromuscular morphology and physiology (Reidy et al 2000). The energy sources used and the limiting factors of performance vary profoundly among the 3 measures of swimming performance
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