Abstract
Spring waters consumed for drinking purposes should be clean and quality. These waters with balanced mineral distribution, which do not contain organic substances, whose physical and chemical caharacteristics comply with certain quality parameters and which do not negatively affect human health are identified as healthy water. Kuvars water is a spring water which is pumped out from the draw well at the Camurluk stream basin of Maltepe province of Istanbul and filled into bottles. The Camurluk stream basin is approximately 4.5 km2. The Camurluk stream basin is sedimentary rocks and talus deposit outcrops. Reaching of trace elements, which is found more in the talus deposit samples than outcropping quartzarenite at the basin, to underground aquifer as ions under effect of rains, water rock interaction, leakage and filtration, is prevented by illite type clay levels existing within the talus deposit stack, which have upto 20 cm thickness. However, negative effects of the excavation that were made at the talus deposit reflect on the hydrologic cycle and chemical compositions of well waters. This effect was at first negatively affected the physical characteristics of the well waters. During the rainy periods, the water in the excavated area which was enriched with respect to the suspended sediments was percolated into the groundwaters from the joints and cracks of the quartzarenite. The turbidity value measured in the well waters of K2 and K3 were determined as 40.3 NTU and 34.2 NTU respectively. Although at the basin, the aquifer of underground water and the well waters being managed are quartzarenite, the fact that water types belonging to well waters differ (they are not same) according to the Piper diagram and when the heavy metal content of the water of well numbered KS1 is taken as basis, that some heavy metals such as Al3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ be enriched 3 to 40 times in KS2 and KS3 well waters, are caused by talus deposit—water interaction at the excavation area. After a rainfall, in the water that became turbid with the water-talus deposit interaction at the excavation area, the water-mineral interaction has caused the limit value for drinking water suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) to be exceeded with the Al3+ concentration of 189 ppb detected in KS2 well water and Fe2+ concentration of 185 ppb has caused to approach the drinking water limit value of 200 ppb permitted by World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), European Union (EU) and Turkish Standards (TS). Therefore, at the water basins where bottled spring waters consumed for drinking purposes are produced, technical undertakings that shall disturb the stability of geological units should not be permitted.
Highlights
Chemical compositions of waters are determined by waterrock interactions, types of suspended sediments carried by surface waters, mineralogical and geochemical properties of bed sediments and the natural environments and environmental factors
Hydrogeochemical properties and effects on human health of Kırkgecit and Ozancik hot mineral waters were evaluated by [12] and label informations of 103 brands of bottled waters being consumed throughout Turkey were evaluated again by [13] and it was determined that the amounts of ions such as Fe2+, Zn2+, As3+ and Al3+ in some spring and mineral waters were above the limit values of World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, European Union and Turkish Standards
The turbidity values of the waters in the wells K2 and K3 enriched with respect to suspended sediments due to effect of precipitation, exceed the limit values allowed by World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), European Union (EU) and Turkish Standards (TS) (Table 4)
Summary
Chemical compositions of waters are determined by waterrock interactions, types of suspended sediments carried by surface waters, mineralogical and geochemical properties of bed sediments and the natural environments and environmental factors. Precipitation runoff, leakage of surface waters into rocks, climate, erosion and weathering states of geological units contribute to this effect [1,2,3] As it is known, the element enrichment in the geochemical environment and the geochemical processes develops chemical mobilities of the elements. Hydrogeochemical properties and effects on human health of Kırkgecit and Ozancik hot mineral waters were evaluated by [12] and label informations of 103 brands of bottled waters being consumed throughout Turkey were evaluated again by [13] and it was determined that the amounts of ions such as Fe2+, Zn2+, As3+ and Al3+ in some spring and mineral waters were above the limit values of World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, European Union and Turkish Standards. That’s why, this study was conducted to determine possible effects of earth excavation at outcropping talus deposit of the Camurluk stream basin on the well waters of the basin, using geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeochemical methods. The Camurluk stream water basin is approximately 4.5 km
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