Abstract
Monk fruit extract (MFE) is widely used as a sweetener in foods. In this study, the effects of the consumption of MFE-sweetened synbiotic yogurt on the lipid biomarkers and metabolism in the livers of type 2 diabetic rats were evaluated. The results revealed that the MFE-sweetened symbiotic yogurt affected the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidic acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidylserines, and fatty acid-hydroxy fatty acids biomarkers in the livers of type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, the consumption of the MFE-sweetened synbiotic yogurt significantly altered 12 hepatic metabolites, which are involved in phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, bile secretion, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in the liver. Furthermore, a multiomics (metabolomic and transcriptomic) association study revealed that there was a significant correlation between the MFE-sweetened synbiotic yogurt and the metabolites and genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, bile secretion, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. The findings of this study will provide new insights on exploring the function of sweeteners for improving type 2 diabetes mellitus liver lipid biomarkers.
Highlights
According to the statistics by the International Diabetes Federation, an estimated number of 463 million people suffer from diabetes globally, and this number is expected to increase to 700 million by 2045
Monk fruit extract (MFE) was more effective for the treatment of diabetes than sucrose; MFE was used as the main bioactive ingredients in the MYH group
Monk fruit extract has been recognized as a new nonnutritive functional additive, and the antidiabetes effect of MFE-sweetened synbiotic yogurt could be attributed to the presence of MFE, as well as the synergistic effect of both prebiotics and probiotics
Summary
According to the statistics by the International Diabetes Federation, an estimated number of 463 million people suffer from diabetes globally, and this number is expected to increase to 700 million by 2045. Metabolomic analysis has attracted widespread research attention as an effective approach for investigating the relationship between metabolites and physiological pathology (Zhao et al, 2018). As a type of metabolic disorder, T2DM is characterized by unusual carbohydrates, lipids, and protein metabolism. It is essential to investigate the role of phosphatidyl metabolites in the pathogenesis of diabetes during diabetes management. Untargeted metabolomic analysis is effective for identifying putative biomarkers, as well as verifying experimental results (Sas et al, 2015). This indicates that metabolomic analysis is an effective tool for assessing the metabolic profiles of diabetes and therapeutic effects (Lu et al, 2013; Sas et al, 2015)
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