Abstract
It has been demonstrated that exercise is one of the stresses known to increase the aldosterone secretion. Both potassium and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are shown to be correlated with aldosterone production during exercise, but the mechanism is still unclear. In an in vivo study, male rats were catheterized via right jugular vein (RJV), and divided into four groups namely water immersion, swimming, lactate infusion (13 mg/kg/min) and pyruvate infusion (13 mg/kg/min) groups. Each group was treated for 10 min. Blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min from RJV after administration. In an in vitro study, rat zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells were challenged by lactate (1–10 mM) in the presence or absence of Ang II (10−8 M) for 60 min. The levels of aldosterone in plasma and medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting assay. After exercise and lactate infusion, plasma levels of aldosterone and lactate were significantly higher than those in the control group. Swimming for 10 min significantly increased the plasma Ang II levels in male rats. Administration of lactate plus Ang II significantly increased aldosterone production and enhanced protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in ZG cells. These results demonstrated that acute exercise led to the increase of both aldosterone and Ang II secretion, which is associated with lactate action on ZG cells and might be dependent on the activity of renin-angiotensin system.
Highlights
It is generally accepted that sweat production during exercise can maintain athletes’ core temperature
These results suggest that swimming is capable of stimulating glucose metabolism and zona glomerulosa cell releasing aldosterone
Since the levels of plasma ACTH and corticosterone were enhanced by either swimming or water immersion (Fig. 3, A and B), we suggested that swimming is an exercise, and a stress for animals
Summary
It is generally accepted that sweat production during exercise can maintain athletes’ core temperature. This leads to a mass loss of body water coupling with sweat sodium concentration if not rehydrated properly [1]. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mM at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during high-intensity exercise [4]. Lactic acid is more than 99% dissociated into lactate anions [La2] and protons [H+] at physiological pH. During exercise and muscle contractions, muscle and blood [La2] and [H+] can rise to very high levels [5]. The release of a proton decreases muscle pH and even leads to acidosis [6]. Lactate may refer to a salt of lactic acid. An increase in lactate production has been demonstrated following physical efforts [8,9]
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