Abstract
Hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic Mellitus leads to glycation reactions in protein molecules and oxidative stress resulting in damage to cells and organs. Swiftlet’s nest believed society could lower blood glucose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Swiftlet’s nest (Collocalia fuciphago) extract on glucose level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in blood serum. The study used Posttest-Only with Control Group Design, consisting of 1 control group (given aqua dest) and 3 treatment groups (dose 1; 10 and 100 mg/kg BW). Each group consisted of 6 Rattus norvegicius. Before being treated, Streptozotocin-induced rat at a dose of 68 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal. On the 7th day after induction, rats had elevated glucose ± 102 - 108 mg/dL. Then the rats were given water extract Swiftlet’s nest for 28 days orally. All data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test, with a 95% confidence level. The results of blood glucose levels in each group (K, P1, P2 and P3) were 111.0 vs 88.5 vs 86 vs 83 mg / dL (p = 0.035), MDA levels experienced an increase in the treatment group compared to controls namely 193.50 vs 193.83 vs. 198.50 nmol / mL, p = 0.001. While the SOD enzyme activity has increased, namely 0.0050 vs. 0.0075 vs. 0.0263%. In conclusion, Swiftlet’s nest water extract can reduce blood glucose levels and increase MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity in blood serum.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to absolute and relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance
WHO estimates that in 2012 around 2.2 million deaths were due to high blood glucose, while in 2016, 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes
Half of all deaths caused by high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to absolute and relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance (or both). Hyperglycemia in diabetes increases the number of free radicals in the body because it catalyzes superoxide (O2-) anions from mitochondrial sources An imbalance of redox reactions causes oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus due to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (Setiawan and Suhartono, 2005). Swiftlet’s nest extract can reduce the oxidative effects of stress caused by exposure to H2O2 and inhibit the expression of mmp-1 in keratinocyte culture (Kim et al, 2012). Not many studies have evaluated the potential extract of Swiftlet’s nest water as antidiabetic while preventing free radicals damage. Swiftlet’s nest extract potential in preventing an increase in free radicals due to hyperglycemia
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