Effect of surgery-first approach on quality of life and mental health of orthognathic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study intends to explore the effects of the surgery-first approach (SFA) on quality of life and mental health of patients who undergo orthognathic surgery compared to the conventional three-stage approach (CTA). DataThe analysis included eight studies with a total of 307 patients, of which one was randomized controlled trial (RCT), one was clinical controlled trial (CCT), and six were non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs). SourcesElectronic databases such as Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for eligible trials up to April 2023. Study selectionRCTs, CCTs, and NRSIs, which compared the quality of life or mental health of orthognathic patients treated with SFA and CTA, were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that the standardized mean differences (SMD) of Oral Health Impact Profiles-14 (OHIP-14) scores and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) between SFA and CTA were −1.58 (P = 0.05) and −2.99 (P < 0.00001) at the termination of the first-stage treatment, which altered to −0.94 (P = 0.54) and 0.09 (P = 0.65) after total treatment. Two studies applied the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to examine mental health, resulting in a trend similar to the former scales. ConclusionIn contrast to the conventional procedure, orthognathic treatment with SFA can instantly enhance the quality of life at the end of the first-stage treatment but has similar effects after the overall treatment. Moreover, SFA has a positive impact on psychological conditions. Clinical significanceThis study first systematically reviewed the effect of SFA on patients' mental well-being. According to our findings, it is better to select SFA if possible. Otherwise, the patient's psychological condition should be monitored appropriately throughout decompensation for better well-being both physically and mentally.