Abstract
Nonionic surfactants are reported as being able to enhance enzyme stability and increase the conversion of enzymatic reactions. Surfactant-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conversion is affected by surfactant HLB values. This work investigated the influence of nonionic surfactants with different HLB values on chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme by measuring the reducing sugars formation, viscosity, and molecular weight of hydrolyzed chitosan. A characterization analysis of hydrolyzed products was also carried out. A higher HLB value exhibits a better enzymatic chitosan hydrolysis performance, shown by the decrease in a solution’s viscosity and the increase in reducing sugar formation. Increasing the surfactant concentration will also increase the hydrolysis rate. Nonionic surfactants can protect cellulase enzyme from the denaturation of temperature and stirring influence. The higher the HLB value, the lower the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed chitosan. The result of UV–Vis demonstrated aldehyde groups formation during hydrolysis. The SEM analysis showed that the chitosan, hydrolyzed using different HLB values of surfactants, had different surface morphologies. However, it did not change the chemical structure of the hydrolysis product seen by the FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns showed that the relative crystallinity of raw chitosan decreased when hydrolyzed with surfactants.
Highlights
Chitosan is a polycationic natural derivative of chitin, which is considered the main building component of crustacean shells [1,2]
The surfactant addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis of treated lignocellulose could reduce the non-productive adsorption of cellulase on lignin
Since nonionic surfactants have specific hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values, it is necessary to discover the effect of HLB values on the performance of chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis
Summary
Chitosan is a polycationic natural derivative of chitin, which is considered the main building component of crustacean shells [1,2]. Nonionic surfactant addition can reduce the non-productive adsorption of enzymes onto lignin [17]. The surfactant addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis of treated lignocellulose could reduce the non-productive adsorption of cellulase on lignin. Rokhati et al [22] studied the Tween 80 surfactant addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using cellulase enzyme. The use of nonionic surfactants is expected to improve the performance of the chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis process. This experimental study of nonionic-surfactantassisted enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan regarding its effects and interaction was conducted. Since nonionic surfactants have specific HLB values, it is necessary to discover the effect of HLB values on the performance of chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of the surfactant on the cellulases enzyme adsorption and desorption onto/from the chitosan substrate were addressed
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