Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the shear bond strength (SBS) and surface topography of two CAD/CAM ceramic materials bonded with self-adhesive resin cement. Material and methods: sixty ceramic CAD/CAM discs were obtained, 30 lithium disilicate (IPS Emax) and 30 hybrid resin ceramic (Vita Enamic). The Slices were allocated into six groups (n=10) according to ceramic material and surface treatment; Group (LD-C): IPS Emax treated with 9% hydrofluoric acid(HF), Groups (LD-P1) and (LD-P2): IPS Emax treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser with parameters 1.5 W and 2.5 W, respectively. Group (RC-C): Vita Enamic treated with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF), Groups (RC-P1) and (RC-P2): Vita Enamic treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser with parameters 1.5 W and 2.5 W, respectively. All samples were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement and thermocycled for 5000 cycles. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine and the mean values (MPa) were analyzed using Two-way (ANOVA) (P ? 0.05) and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. Results: RC-C (16.55) showed highest SBS followed by LD-C (13.79), which revealed no statistically significant difference with RC-P1 (12.33) and RC-P2 (11.2). The lowest SBS values were found with LD-P1 (2.7) and LD-P2 (2.1). SEM analysis revealed Vita Enamic to have the highest surface roughness. Fracture pattern analysis showed adhesive failure with IPS Emax groups and mixed failure with Vita Enamic groups. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with the parameters used did not increase SBS of IPS Emax and Vita Enamic with composite resin compared to HF acid etching.KeywordsEr,Cr:YSGG laser; Shear bond strength; Surface treatment; Ceramic materials.
Highlights
Due to advancements in material formulations and manufacturing technologies, many clinicians opt for ceramic restorations for the majority of prosthetic cases 1-3]
Pair-wise comparisons between the surfaces treatments revealed that acid etch recorded the statistically significantly highest mean shear bond strength
In the current study the shear bond strength (SBS) between of IPS Emax CAD and Vita Enamic ceramic restorations to resin cement was tested after hydrofluoric acid (HF) acid etching and 2 different laser parameters by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation were applied
Summary
Due to advancements in material formulations and manufacturing technologies, many clinicians opt for ceramic restorations for the majority of prosthetic cases 1-3]. Due to the high cost of restoration replacement, intra oral repair with composite resin is suggested. The concept of intraoral repair of ceramic restorations using composite resin is viable through proper surface treatment of the defective area [9]. Etching of the ceramic restorations with 5-9% Hydrofluoric acid (HF) has been proven as the most effective, by increasing the etched ceramic surface’s surface roughness as well as its surface energy, creating favorable substrate for micromechanical bonding with composite resin [1012]. HF acid has been proven to pose serious health hazards for both patient and clinician [13,14,15]. A study by Ozcan M et al, revealed that HF acid, upon contact and/or inhalation, has the ability to cause skin and/or nail burn, eye irritation, severe nose and throat irritation, as well lung damage and poisoning [16]
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