Effect of surface radiation on the surface heat flux of two-dimensional hypersonic panel flow

Abstract

This article investigates the effect of surface radiation on the surface heat flux of a two-dimensional hypersonic panel flow by comparing the surface heat fluxes of penetrating-radiative-equilibrium cases with those of constant-wall-temperature cases. A Du Fort–Frankel-type difference scheme is applied to cases with different external flow properties and is verified by comparing the results under a constant-wall-temperature boundary condition with self-similar solutions. Both laminar and turbulent flows are considered, and turbulence is modeled using a Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model with the assumption that full-scale turbulence is reached at the leading edge. The results show that the surface heat fluxes for laminar penetrating-radiative-equilibrium cases are greater by the order of 10% than those for constant-wall-temperature cases with the same temperature value at the corresponding points. Though turbulent instances are substantially more difficult, surface heat fluxes of penetrating-radiative-equilibrium cases are fairly similar to those of constant-wall-temperature cases. These results serve as the foundation for a brief discussion of how parameters affect the outcome and the proposal of a modified reference enthalpy method that can be used to predict heat flux when surface radiation causes a streamwise variation in wall temperature.