Abstract

As the wind blows over the ocean surface, wind-waves are first generated as tiny ripples (gravity-capillary waves), and their spatial/temporal scales gradually increase with fetch. Once developed, these wind waves play a significant role in the air-sea fluxes of momentum and energy, and modify the near surface atmospheric turbulence and the mean wind profile. This coupled system of wind and waves occurs over a wide variety of spatial and temporal scales. The momentum and energy fluxes from wind to surface gravity waves are mostly determined by the wave-induced pressure, that is, the pressure component that is linearly correlated with the surface wave elevation, evaluated at the water surface. Our current predictive capability of this wave-induced pressure component is far from satisfactory because very little is known about the structure of the wavw-induced flow in the atmospheric surface layer or how this flow affects the structure of the surface-layer turbulence.

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