Abstract
The adhesion force between nonporous and porous silica particles was measured by AFM as a function of relative humidity. Various porous samples were prepared by hydrothermal treatments in different conditions. Geometric structure was evaluated by gas adsorption, and the mechanism of rehydroxylation that occurred in hydrothermal treatments was investigated by silanol density, IR spectra, and immersional heat. The adhesion force was measured by AFM, and the result was compared with the geometric structure and the rehydroxylation process. As a result, we proved that capillary condensation occurred in small spaces between two particles contacting each other after water filled the pores and capillary force appeared to contribute to a steep increase of adhesion force. The adhesion force under low relative pressure was attributed to hydrogen bonding force and reflected both the contact area and hydrophilicity of the surface.
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