Effect of Surface Fluorination on Diffusion through a High Density Polyethylene Geomembrane

Abstract

The relative improvement of the diffusive barrier function of high density polyethylene ~HDPE! geomembranes to volatile organic compounds ~VOCs! when subjected to surface fluorination is experimentally examined. The surface fluorination consisted of applying elemental fluorine, which exchanged with hydrogen along polymer chains at the surface of a polyolefin substrate. Sorption and diffusion tests were performed on both traditional untreated and 1.5 mm HDPE geomembranes using dilute aqueous organic contaminants commonly found in municipal solid waste leachate. The partitioning coefficient is shown to remain essential the same after the surface fluorination; however, the surface fluorination resulted in a reduction in both the diffusion and the permeation coefficients by factors ranging between 1.5 and 4.5, depending on the hydrocarbon examined. Modeling of VOC diffusion through a geomembrane/compacted clay composite liner indicated that contaminant impacts were about 1.7-2.9 times lower when a fluorinated geomembrane is used. To achieve the same level of protection as provided by the fluorinated geomembrane underlain by 0.60 m of compacted clay, one would need an additional 0.4- 0.9 m of compacted clay in conjunction with a conventional ~untreated! geomembrane. The importance of the thickness of the treated layer is highlighted.