Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of selenium-yeast (SY) on growth performance, muscle antioxidant activity, meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in growing goats. A total of 18 Qianbei-pockmarked goats were assigned to three groups (six duplicates per group) by body weight (25.75 ± 1.75 kg; mean ± standard deviation) according to a completely randomized design: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) CON with 2.4 mg/kg SY (LS); and (3) CON with 4.8 mg/kg SY (HS). The results indicated that goats receiving SY did not show any differences (P > 0.05) in terms of dry matter intake, growth performance, or muscle chemical composition. In addition, dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the pH values (pH45min and pH24h), percentage of water loss, drip loss, or cooking loss. The HS group showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the dressing percentage, eye muscle area and meat color, as well as muscle total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity levels, whereas it showed a significant drop (P < 0.05) in shear force and muscle malondialdehyde levels relative to the control. Feeding 4.8 mg/kg SY led to a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the levels of C8:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0 and total saturated fatty acids, whereas it led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in C15:1 in comparison with that of the control group. Goats receiving 2.4 mg/kg SY had significantly (P < 0.05) increased C16:1, C17:1, C18:1n7, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C20:4n6, C22:1n9, and PUFA relative to the control group. Compared with the control group, the treatment groups had higher (P < 0.05) levels of C18:1n9, C22:4, and monounsaturated fatty acids. The inclusion of 2.4 mg/kg SY induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in 4-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and umami amino acid concentrations compared to the control. In addition, the feeding of 4.8 mg/kg SY had significantly higher (P < 0.05) muscle serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine hydrochloride, methionine, and tyrosine levels than the control group. Collectively, Se supplementation in the diet did not affect growth performance, muscle chemical composition, whereas it could improve meat quality, muscle antioxidant activity, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in Qianbei-pockmarked goats. This showed that the optimal accession SY level was 4.8 mg/kg under the experimental conditions of this study.
Highlights
When the body suffers from oxidative stress (OS), the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced and the antioxidant capacity decreases, leading to the initiation of lipid peroxidation, which may cause DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression [1]
The inclusion of HS resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of muscle total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSH-Px and DPPH scavenging activity than that of the control group (Table 3)
Goats receiving HS exhibited a significant decline (P < 0.05) in MDA concentration compared with the control group
Summary
When the body suffers from oxidative stress (OS), the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced and the antioxidant capacity decreases, leading to the initiation of lipid peroxidation, which may cause DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression [1]. The development of antioxidants to alleviate OS is popular with many researchers [2]. The most important and known biological effect of selenium (Se) is its antioxidative effect. Se is an essential trace element that has many biological functions, especially in preventing lung cancer, carcinoma of the prostate and liver cancer. Excessive or inadequate Se intake will lead to physiological disorders or diseases. Se deficiency or excess can lead to poisoning caused by gastrointestinal disorders, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea, thereby leading to impaired physiological functions [3]
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