Abstract
Aim:The aim was to study the effect of supplementation of lysine producing microbes (LPM) as an in vivo source of lysine on performance and egg quality characters of post-peak layers.Materials and Methods:BIS (1992) specified diets (except crude protein [CP] and lysine) were prepared using either soybean meal (SBM) or groundnut extractions (GNE) or sunflower extractions (SFE) with 16 and 15% CP resulting in six control diets. Further, each control diet was fortified with either synthetic lysine or LPM to meet BIS (1992) specified lysine requirement resulting in the set of 12 test diets. Each of the eighteen diets was offered to quadruplets groups of 4 post-peak (52 weeks) commercial laying hens in each. The trial lasted for 119 days.Result:The results revealed that the feed consumption and body weight changes and Roche yolk color and yolk index were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different among different treatments. However, egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg shape index, Haugh unit score, albumen index and shell thickness, and net returns remained non-significant (p ≤ 0.05) among different treatments. Among main factors, protein level (16% and 15% CP) made a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference in egg production (79.6 and 75.1%) and feed efficiency (2.64 and 2.81 kg feed/kg egg mass, respectively). Among protein source GNE- and SFE-based diet fed groups showed significantly (p < 0.0%) higher feed consumption and body weight gain than SBM based diets fed birds. Yolk color (7.0, 7.3 and 7.3, respectively) and yolk index (0.40, 0.38 and 0.43, respectively) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from the protein sources. CP level and Protein source interaction effects showed significant differences in albumen index and Haugh unit score.Conclusion:Optimum level of protein (16% CP) and GNE as a source of protein tended to be superior in increasing the performance and egg characteristics of post-peak layers and supplementation of lysine in either synthetic or LPM form found to be beneficial in optimizing their performance.
Highlights
The profit in the poultry industry can be max‐ imized by decreasing the feed cost which accounts 75% of the total cost of egg production
The lysine producing microbes (LPM) used in this study has been claimed to contain live microbial cultures of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reessi, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Cellulomonas uda, Alcaligenes faecalis, Conidiobolus coronatus, Penicilium roquefortii, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Sachharomyces cereviseae with a total viable count of 9000 million/g producing 1.238 g/day of L‐Lysine in situ in bird in a 24 h period when fed at the rate of 1g LPM/bird
The cumulative average egg production varied from as low as 70.6 (15% crude protein (CP), soybean meal (SBM), no lysine) to as high as 85.7% (16% CP, groundnut extractions (GNE), no lysine) how‐ ever the differences were non‐significant and no definitive trend was observed among different treat‐ ments
Summary
The profit in the poultry industry can be max‐ imized by decreasing the feed cost which accounts 75% of the total cost of egg production. Which appeared to higher than the recommendation of many recent reports [3,4,5,6] higher levels of protein/ amino acids in diet will increase nitrogen excretion, ammonia emission, and taxing the ecosystem by con‐ taminating surface water bodies [7] often result. Blair et al.,[8] obtained optimum layer performance when they were fed on low‐protein diet (13.5%), which was properly supplemented with essential amino acids compared to layers fed 17% CP diet. Several studies have been undertaken on alter‐ natives that might reduce CP level and cost of feed supplements with better economic results [9]
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