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Abstract
This study investigated the chemical composition changes of Salvia plebeia R.Br. cultivated under different light sources, including florescent light and sunlight. The plants were exposed to fluorescent light for four months and sunlight and then examined for the next 5–7 months. Plants were harvested monthly during the seven months, and we examined whether the difference in light source affected the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. A simple and reliable HPLC method using a PAH C18 column was applied for the quantitative analysis of two triterpenoids from the S. plebeia groups. Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9999) within the test ranges (0.005–0.05 mg/mL), and the average percentage recoveries of the OA and UA were 95.1–104.8% and 97.2–107.1%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 2.0%. After exposure to sunlight, the phenolic contents, including rosmarinic acid, showed a reduced tendency, whereas the flavonoid contents, including homoplantaginin and luteolin 7-glucoside, were increased. The content of the triterpenoids also showed an increased tendency under sunlight irradiation, but the variance was not larger than those of the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among experimental groups, the group harvested at six months, having been exposed to sunlight for two months, showed the most potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, these results showed that the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of S. plebeia R.Br. was affected from environmental culture conditions, such as light source. Our studies will be useful for the development of functional materials using S. plebeia R.Br.
Highlights
Famers in various regions of Korea cultivate numerous dietary health foods or medicinal crops.Above all, Salvia plebeia R.Br. has received attention from many consumers because it is a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases and conditions, such as inflammation, arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, hepatitis, and gastric ulcers [1,2,3,4,5]
The HPLC method was previously established for chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of S. plebeia [13], and the literature shows the chemical composition of S. plebeia varies under different cultivation conditions [14]
There was no significant difference in the Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) composition was observed compared to the content of phenolics and flavonoids; the results revealed that the two triterpenoids in the cultivated group with sunlight were higher than those in the other groups cultivated with fluorescent light (Table 4)
Summary
Famers in various regions of Korea cultivate numerous dietary health foods or medicinal crops.Above all, Salvia plebeia R.Br. has received attention from many consumers because it is a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases and conditions, such as inflammation, arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, hepatitis, and gastric ulcers [1,2,3,4,5]. S. plebeia is a member of the family Lamiaceae and is an annual or biennial plant that is widely distributed throughout the world, including in Korea and. Many environmental or other factors, such as the origin of the herb, harvesting time, climate, preservation method, and cultivation conditions, alter the chemical composition of the herbs [12]. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of medicinal plants used in a specific patient population should be verified by an appropriate quality control method [11]. The HPLC method was previously established for chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of S. plebeia [13], and the literature shows the chemical composition of S. plebeia varies under different cultivation conditions [14]. The chemical composition variance with regard to the different environmental conditions of S. plebeia remain unexplored
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