Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the years 2006-2008 in Bałcyny (N=53°35'49"; E=19°51'20"). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sulfur fertilization on the sanitary state of spring oilseed rape, winter oilseed rape, white mustard and Chinese mustard as well as on the species composition of fungi colonizing their seeds. Sulfur fertilization had a beneficial effect on the health of Brassicaceae plants infested by Alternaria blight, grey mould, Sclerotinia stem rot, Phoma stem canker and Verticillium wilt, but it had a varying effect on the occurrence of powdery mildew. <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> spp. were isolated most frequently from Brassicaceae seeds. In general, more fungi (including pathogenic to Brassicaceae) were isolated from the seeds of plants grown in non-sulfur fertilized plots. Pathogens occurred primarily on the seed surface, and their number decreased after surface disinfection of seeds.
Highlights
The EU strategy to reduce the atmospheric emissions of sulfur dioxide has led to sulfur deficiency in soil, which has recently become a serious problem in Poland (Podleśna, 2002)
Powdery mildew occurred on spring oilseed rape leaves, and the symptoms of Alternaria blight were observed on siliques in all years of the study, grey mould occurred on siliques only in 2006 (Table 1a)
In 2008 the severity of powdery mildew and Alternaria blight was higher in the sulfur-fertilized plots than in the control treatments
Summary
The EU strategy to reduce the atmospheric emissions of sulfur dioxide has led to sulfur deficiency in soil, which has recently become a serious problem in Poland (Podleśna , 2002). Sulfur deficiency may reduce the utilization of other nutrients, in particular nitrogen, by plants, since nitrogen metabolism is closely related to sulfur metabolism (Janzen and Bettany , 1984). Sulfur deficit can affect both the yield and quality of crops. Sulfur content influences yield and quality of oil obtained (Podleśna , 2005). Fertilization, especially sulfur fertilization, has a significant effect on glucosinolate content of the tissues of cruciferous plants (Kachlicki , 1990; Oleszek , 1995). The products of glucosinolate hydrolysis show toxicity against pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects and higher plants (Oleszek , 1995; Majchrzak et al 2001; Majchrzak et al 2004)
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