Effect of sulfonamide on gut microbiota after kidney transplantation

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of sulfonamide administration after kidney transplantation on the intestinal microflora structure of transplant patients. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 patients who underwent renal transplantation at the All Army Organ Transplantation Institute of the No. 309 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from June to August 2016 were selected as study subjects. The stool sample of each patient was collected within 3 days before surgery and 30 days after surgery. A 30-day stool sample was prepared and a total of 20 stool samples were obtained. After the whole genome of the prokaryotic specimens was extracted, the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze the bacterial structure. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) after administration of sulfonamide was only half of the number of preoperative OTUs, and the difference was significant (P=0.003). Portal level: 10 bacteria were detected before surgery, and only detected after the use of sulfa drugs after surgery, and those of 8 bacteriophytas were detected after administration of sulfonamide postoperation. The bacterial abundances of 8 bacteriophytas also varied significantly before surgery and after administration of sulfonamide postoperation. The average relative abundances of the Phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased from 73.2% and 10.64% before surgery to 50.17% and 3.13% respectively after administration of sulfonamide. The average relative abundance of proteobacteria increased from 13.79% before surgery to 42.87% after administration of sulfonamide postoperation. For genus, the 20 kinds of bacteria with the highest preoperative abundance in the intestinal tract were mostly reported in the literature, or normal human commensal bacteria shown by studies, and after administration of sulfonamide, 20 new strains with the highest bacterial abundance in the intestinal tract were mostly pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion The use of sulfonamide after transplantation can significantly destroy the structure of the gut microbiota. The types of some commensal bacteria and probiotics are significantly reduced, and the pathogens are actually increased. Even intestinal immune and intestinal mucosal barrier functions were damaged. The abvove-mentioned may increase the risk of secondary infection to varying degrees. Key words: Kidney transplantation; Sulfonamide; Gut microbiota; 16S rDNA