Abstract
Climate changes are affecting the plant production, including sugar beet growing especially in the southern and central parts of the Europe. Modifying the sowing and harvesting dates are one of the most often used adaptations in sugar beet cultivation. The aim of this study was to assess the interactions between planting date and sugar beet genotypes for different harvest dates with recommendation for duration of vegetation period for specific hybrids in order to achieve the best performance and to evaluate influence of climatic factors on sugar yield. Three-way analysis of variance and AMMI (Additive main effect and multiple interactions) analysis were performed to investigate interaction between main factors. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes (G), planting date (PD), harvest date (HD) and interaction G × PD significantly affected sugar yield in 2016. In 2017 genotypes, planting date, harvest date and G x PD interaction significantly affected sugar yield on probability level of 1%, while PD × HD interaction had significant effect on probability level of 5%. Results of AMMI analysis enabled discrimination of genotypes with the highest level of stability in certain planting dates. Hybrids with combined yield and sugar content (NZ type) should have the advantage in earlier planting dates compared to of sugar beet hybrids with higher sugar content (Z type). However, in shortened vegetation period Z type hybrids are more stable and with better sugar yield results. Results of our study suggest that delaying the harvest date decreases differences between sugar yields obtained from hybrids sown in different planting dates. Major factors in the study affecting sugar yield were growing degree days, insolation and number of days from planting to harvest.
Highlights
Trends of high average temperatures, with increased frequency of droughts, are affecting plant production throughout the Europe, but southern and central parts of the continent are especially endangered (Schär et al, 2004; Spinoni et al, 2015)
Regardless of the different harvest date (HD), the third planting date (PD) resulted in the highest sugar yield, while the latest PD had the lowest yield in first year of research
PD accounted for 88.22% of total sum squares, while genotypes and G × PD interaction accounted for 5.04 and 3.97%, respectively
Summary
Trends of high average temperatures, with increased frequency of droughts, are affecting plant production throughout the Europe, but southern and central parts of the continent are especially endangered (Schär et al, 2004; Spinoni et al, 2015). Development and, yield are the result of genetic composition, the environmental effects and the interaction of these two factors. Phenomenon of the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is always present in the crop production causing genotypes to have different results and ranks in various environmental conditions (Ndhlela et al, 2014). Often GEI is associated and explained with genetically terms of adaptation and stability (Dimitrijevicand Petrovic, 2000; Das et al, 2010). Various statistical methods such as regression analysis, nonparametric statistics and multivariate models are used for investigation and interpretation of this phenomenon and evaluation of different genotypes (Gauch et al, 2008). In final phase AMMI removes the additive effect from interaction by ANOVA and analyses interaction structure using PCA method
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