Effect of substrate surface on the wide bandgap SnO2 thin films grown by spin coating

Abstract

Tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) sols have been synthesized from SnCl2·2H2O precursor solution by applying two different processing conditions. The prepared sols were then deposited on UV-Ozone-treated quartz and soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by spin coating. The as-synthesized film was soft baked at about 100 °C for 10 min. This process was repeated 5 times to get a compact film, followed by air annealing at 250 °C for 2 h. The pristine and annealed films were characterized by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, Grazing Incident X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The effect of the substrate surface was investigated by measuring the contact angles with De-Ionized (DI) water. UV-Ozone treatment of substrate provides a cleaner surface to grow a homogeneous film. The electrical resistivity of annealed thin films was carried out by a four-point collinear probe employing the current reversal technique and found in the range of ~ 2 × 103 to 3 × 103 Ω·cm. Film thickness was found in the range of ~ 137–285 nm, measured by a stylus profilometer. UV–Vis–NIR transmission data revealed that all the thin-film samples showed maximum (82–89) % transmission in the visible range. The optical bandgap of the thin films was estimated to be ~ 3.75–4.00 eV and ~ 3.78–4.35 eV for the films grown on SLG and quartz substrates, respectively.