Effect of stunning and freezing on carp (Cyprinus carpio L) survival rate

Abstract

Carp is freshwater fish which popular in Indonesia. The transportation handling system is needed to keep its survival rate (SR) of fish still high until the destination place. This research aims to determine 1) effect of freezing on the consciousness time (CT) and its SR which treated of stunning using clove oil (Eugenia aromatica); 2) influence of 125 ppm clove oil solution for fainting process and the freezing process to two groups of carp (biggerA, smallerB). The best concentration of clove oil was 125 ppm, where the fish fainting time was 1.43 minutes and the revitalisation 3.70 minutes. The freezer temperatures used were -11, -13, and -15 °C and the freezing time (FT) were 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The best temperature was - 13 °C. SmallerB indicated more sensitive to clove oil than the biggerA (duration to unconscious 3.58 minutes compared to 5.03 minutes). While duration to conscious was 15.15 minutes for the smallerB and 14.09 for the biggerA. After being frozen for 60, 90, and 120 minutes, the biggerA’s SR was 89% while the smallerB was 66% for 120 minutes frozen. The clove oil fainted fish has better SR compare to the direct freezing. The FT was 60, 90 and 120 minutes at -13 °C. The fastest CT is 4.83 minutes obtained at fish with fainting treatment at 60 minutes freezing. The slowest CT is 26.20 minutes obtained at fish without fainting treatment at 120 minutes freezing. This study can be concluded that the highest SR of 100% using a fainting treatment and 90 minutes of FT. Histology analysis found damage to fish tissue at freezing 120 minutes which gill filaments are bleeding.