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Abstract
Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville is a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated some biological activities of extract from S. adstringens. Antimicrobial activity was checked in planktonic cultures and monomicrobial biofilms on aerobic, and anaerobic dental microorganisms. Analyzes of cytotoxicity using MTT assay, and genotoxicity by micronucleus test were performed in human keratinocytes (HACAT), murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), and murine fibroblasts (L929). The anti-inflammatory effect was checked in RAW 264.7 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, and treated with the plant extract. The levels of cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by ELISA, and Griess method, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's, or Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunns tests (P ≤ 0.05). Biofilms of anaerobic bacteria were very susceptible to the plant extract. Effective concentrations showed cell viability > 50%, except 25 mg/mL for HACAT after 24 h of exposure. The extract of S. adstringens was not genotoxic for RAW 264.7. LPS associated with extract increased the production of all cytokines, except TNF-α. However, the plant extract decreased the production of NO. In conclusion, the extract of S. adstringens affected biofilm of anaerobic bacteria using non-cytotoxic concentrations for RAW 264.7, L929, and HACAT cells.
Highlights
The search for new antimicrobial drugs has become increasingly important due, mainly, to the resistance that microorganisms develop after a while under the action of these drugs
The purpose of this study was evaluated the biological activities of extract from S. adstringens (Mart.) Coville, such as antimicrobial effect on planktonic culture, and biofilms of C. albicans, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, and P. micra; cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in mammalian cells; and anti-inflammatory action in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages
3.1 Antimicrobial activity Regarding the antimicrobial activity of extract from S. adstringens on aerobic microorganisms, it was possible to observe action only on P. aeruginosa
Summary
The search for new antimicrobial drugs has become increasingly important due, mainly, to the resistance that microorganisms develop after a while under the action of these drugs. The study of medicinal plants can be an excellent alternative because they have a rich constitution of active biomolecules. Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville is a medicinal plant rich in tannins belonging to the Fabaceae family. Some studies demonstrate that the aqueous extract of S. adstringens has antioxidant and anticancer properties (da Silva Baldivia et al, 2018), antifungal, including action against fluconazole-resistant isolates (de Freitas et al, 2018), pronounced anti-inflammatory activity (Henriques et al, 2016), and antimicrobial action (Costa et al, 2010; Ferreira, Palmeira, Souza, Almeida, Figueiredo, Pequeno, Arruda, 2010)
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