Abstract
In this study, single crystals of 0.25 mol % Mn-modified lead-free (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 grown by self-flux method are investigated. The crystal shows coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phases in the perovskite structure. EDAX analysis shows a uniform Mn doping for the BNKMT single crystals. The depolarization temperature (Td) and the temperature of dielectric constant maximum (Tm) are found to be 175 and 310 °C respectively. The complex impedance plot exhibited single impedance semicircle identified over the frequency range of 200 Hz to 2 MHz. The ac conductivity results indicate activation energies in the range of 0.035–0.040 eV at low temperatures and 0.1–0.5 eV at high temperatures. The piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 reaches a maximum of 202 pC/N. Nonswitchable ferroelectric hysteresis showing a strong anomaly along the polarization axis with temperature are observed. Fatigue-free behavior up to 10,000 electrical cycles is observed, making the crystals favorable for high precision sensors, capacitors, and actuator applications.
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