Abstract
Simple SummaryBovine mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) is still an important problem for dairy farmers. This disease causes great financial losses across the world. The common method of treating mastitis is through the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment should be minimized because of increasing antibiotic resistance. Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is one of the most important pathogens that causes bovine mastitis. This bacterium is able to hide and survive inside of epithelial cells. In this situation, antibiotic treatment is not efficient. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of mastitis that is caused by S. uberis to better understand how to treat this disease. In this study, we investigated a special type of lymphocytes—γδ T cells. The results of our study show that those cells may play a role in terminating inflammation in the mammary glands of cattle.In this study, we focused analyzing γδ T cells during bovine mammary gland inflammation induced by Streptococcus uberis. A mammary gland cell suspension was obtained using lavage 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after intramammary-induced infection. The proportion of lymphocytes increased during the entire week in which inflammation was present. The γδ T cells were also elevated during inflammation, reaching their peak at 72 h following induced inflammation. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes continually increased, with the highest proportion occurring 168 h after S. uberis infection. The results show that γδ T cells may be involved in the resolution of inflammation in bovine mammary glands, with the apoptosis of those cells potentially playing an important role.
Highlights
Streptococcus uberis is one of the main pathogens that causes inflammation of the bovine mammary gland [1]
Significant differences between control (PBS) and S. uberis are marked with asterisks (** p < 0.01)
We found a significantly higher proportion of apoptotic lym Lymphocyte apoptosis was gradually increased during the inflammatory response after the administration of S. uberis to the mammary gland in comparison to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
Summary
Streptococcus uberis is one of the main pathogens that causes inflammation of the bovine mammary gland [1]. This bacterium has a very impressive mechanism for avoiding any contact with immune cells, mostly with phagocytes. It internalizes itself into the mammary epithelial cells, where it persists and hides, resulting in immune cells being unable to eliminate it [2]. Neutrophil apoptosis is delayed, and subsequent efferocytosis by macrophages is delayed by S. uberis. This can result in acute mammary gland inflammation transitioning to become chronic [8].
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