Effect of stirring and temperature on synthesis yield and crystallization of hydrothermally synthesized K 2W 4O 13 nanorods

Abstract

The K 2W 4O 13 was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of crystalline WO 3·H 2O in the presence of K 2SO 4 in the stirred hydrothermal reactor operated at 120–180 °C for 1–6 h at the stirring speeds ranging from 0 rpm (static condition) to 700 rpm to investigate the significance of stirring on crystallization of the K 2W 4O 13 nanorods at different synthesis condition. The crystallization was enhanced by stirring as revealed by the increased synthesis yield with the increase of stirring speed. At 180 °C and 6 h of hydrothermal treatment, the stirring had no observable effect on phase and particle morphology. At shorter time or lower temperature, the stirring had significant effect on enhancing crystallization of the nanorods.