Effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of absolutely dry matter in the grain sorghum hybrids

Vera Bychkova,Lev Elkonin,N.A Shyurova,O.V Tkachenko

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20224301008

Abstract

Analysis of absolutely dry matter (ADM) accumulation is important indicator of productivity of crop plants. For three seasons, we investigated the effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of ADM in the F1 hybrids of grain sorghum obtained on the basis of two series of alloplasmic iso-nuclear CMS-lines: (1) with A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms and (2) with 9E and M35-1A cytoplasms. For the first time, the effect of the type of sterile cytoplasm on content of ADM in the F1 sorghum hybrids was shown. In each season, A3 cytoplasm reduced ADM in the F1 hybrids at the “tillering – heading” stage, whereas 9E cytoplasm increased ADM at the “heading – complete maturity” stage. The most significant differences were observed under drought conditions. These data indicate the genetic influence of cytoplasm on assimilation capacity of sorghum hybrids and tolerance to drought stress.

Highlights

Drought is one of the key factors affecting crop productivity
The use of genetically different types of sterile cytoplasms significantly increases the diversity of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, and thereby expands the range of hybrid combinations, which contributes to the creation of new commercial F1 hybrids with a heterosis effect
Analysis of absolutely dry matter (ADM) indices in the hybrids with the iso-nuclear CMS-lines with Zheltozernoe 10 (Zh10) nuclear genome in the A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms showed that, on average, over 3 years, significant differences were observed at the “tillering – heading” stage

Summary

Introduction

Drought is one of the key factors affecting crop productivity. In the regions prone to drought, one of the main problems of plant production is the use of varieties and hybrids capable of producing high yield potential in conditions of moisture deficiency. The commercial production of hybrid seeds in sorghum is impossible without the use of lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The use of genetically different types of sterile cytoplasms significantly increases the diversity of CMS lines, and thereby expands the range of hybrid combinations, which contributes to the creation of new commercial F1 hybrids with a heterosis effect

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Conclusion