Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Monascus ruber M7 Based on Transcriptome Analysis.

Fusheng Chen,Juan Xiong,Shuyan Yang,Hongyi Zhou,Weihua Dai

doi:10.3390/jof7040256

Fusheng Chen, Juan Xiong + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040256

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Abstract

The effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on Monascus ruber M7 (M. ruber M7) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates under SMF treatment at different intensities (5, 10, and 30 mT) were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that, compared with the control (CK, no SMF treatment), the SMF at all tested intensities did not significantly influence the morphological characteristics of M. ruber M7, while the intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) and extracellular citrinin (CIT) of M. ruber M7 were increased at 10 and 30 mT SMF but there was no impact on the MPs and CIT at 5 mT SMF. The transcriptome data of M. ruber M7 cultured at 30 mT SMF on PDA for 3 and 7 d showed that the SMF could increase the transcriptional levels of some relative genes with the primary metabolism, including the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, especially in the early growing period (3 d). SMF could also affect the transcriptional levels of the related genes to the biosynthetic pathways of MPs, CIT, and ergosterol, and improve the transcription of the relative genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of M. ruber M7. These findings provide insights into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of SMF on filamentous fungi.

Highlights

Monascus spp., is a type of filamentous fungi, and its fermented product, Hongqu, known as red yeast, Anka or red mold rice, has been used and produced in China and otherAsian countries for nearly 2000 years [1,2]
Magnetic fields (MFs) can be divided into two categories: the static magnetic field (SMF) generated by a permanent magnet or direct current passing through a metal coil, whose north and south poles are typically unchanged in the same experiment [9]; and the alternative magnetic field (AMF) generated by an alternating current through the metal coil, whose north and south poles change with the frequency of the alternating current [14]
We found that 30 mT SMF could affect the biosynthesis and metabolism of various amino acids

Summary

Introduction

Monascus spp., is a type of filamentous fungi, and its fermented product, Hongqu, known as red yeast, Anka or red mold rice, has been used and produced in China and otherAsian countries for nearly 2000 years [1,2]. Monascus spp., is a type of filamentous fungi, and its fermented product, Hongqu, known as red yeast, Anka or red mold rice, has been used and produced in China and other. The discovery of citrinin (CIT) [8], a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by certain strains of Monascus spp., gave rise to controversy over the safety of Hongqu. Magnetic fields (MFs) are ubiquitous environmental factors that markedly affect the growth, development, and behavior of many species of organisms [9,10,11,12]. The effects of various types of MFs on the growth and metabolism of microorganisms have mainly involved bacteria [15,16] and yeasts [17,18].

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