Effect of Spraying with Micro-Elements, Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Some Yield Traits of Date Palm CV. Khastawi.

Abstract

The study was conducted in one of the private palm orchards in the Euphrates district on date palm trees (CV. Khastawi) aged 30 years to find out the response of the date palm cultivar Khastawi to spraying with micro-elements at concentrations (0, 1 g L-1 ) and symbolized by (M0 and M1), and spraying with gibberellic acid at concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1 ) and symbolized by (G0, G1, and G2) respectively, and spraying with salicylic acid in concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1 ) and symbols symbolized by (S0, S1, S2) respectively. 54 trees were selected as homogeneous as possible, and the number of fronds for palms and fruit clusters was unified. All service operations of the orchard were carried out similarly to adding animal manure, pruning, pollination, watering, pest control and other service operations for all experimental units. The results showed that spraying with microelements at a concentration (M1) significantly affected all studied traits except for the non-reducing sugar content of the fruits. It amounted to (10.76 g, 15.63 kg cluster-1 , 125.03 kg palm-1 , 69.37%, 33.78%, 53.61%) this is for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars), respectively. Also, spraying with gibberellin showed a significant effect on the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids), and the treatment (G2) gave the highest values for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield), with 10.53 g, 15.46 kg cluster-1 , 123.71 kg palm-1 , respectively. At the same time, treatment (G0) achieved the highest value of total soluble solids (67.50%). On the other hand, salicylic spraying did not significantly affect the studied traits, except total soluble solids and reducing sugars. The concentration (S2) showed the best values for the two traits, with 67.59% and 34.36%, respectively. The two-way interactions between the study factors showed a significant effect that varied according to the type of trait and the interaction factors. Whereas the three-way interaction between the study factors reached the level of significance in all the studied traits. The most significant effect of the interactions was achieved according to the type of trait and the interacting factors, while the control treatment showed the lowest values of most of the traits. Keywords: Date palm, Micro-elements, Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, yield.