Abstract
This experiment was implemented in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences fields in Bakrajo-Sulaymaniyah in two consecutive cropping seasons, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two seeding rates were applied with three seeding methods, seed drill, conventional scattering pattern by centrifugal seeds spreader, and an un familiar pattern in the region, which is the overlapping pattern of grain spreading lines by the distributor. the coefficient of variance (% CV) for seeds had the best value in comparison to overlap spreading, which in turn was better than conventional scattering was 1.1, 8.2 and 47.2 for seed rate of 200 kg ha-1 and 1.7, 7.6, and 44.8 for seed rate of 160 kg ha-1 respectively. The seeding rate 200 kg ha-1 was significantly recorded higher averages for most of the studied traits. The sowing patterns had significantly superior to the overlapped grain spreading lines when it recorded 106.23 cm plant high, 341.47 spikes m-2, 43.1 grains spike-1, 38.7 g thousand grains weight, 3623.74 kg ha-1, 11379.03 kg ha-1 and 0.32 harvest index. The overlapped spreading mode also significantly superior to the conventional mode of prose.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) ranks first in cereal production in the world
In a study on the effect of seed rates of 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1 on the regulation of tillering in wheat and its relationship to grain yield and its components, the results indicated that the seeding rate of 80 kg ha-1 was significantly superior giving the highest average number of spikes m-2 by 363 spikes and a grain yield of 4.775 tons h-1 compared to other seed rates (18)
With increasing wheat seeding rates with homogenous seed distribution, curbing weed the lowest averages were obtained from using seed rate of 160 kg ha-1 by conventional spreading in the first season by 84.77 cm, 282.6 spikes, 34.69 grain, and 2416.44 kg ha-1 respectively, and 7178.07 kg ha-1 for growth has increased (35)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) ranks first in cereal production in the world. It is considered the most important crop used as a staple food by about a third of the world's population (15). In which increasing sowing rates increases the number of plants per unit area, which means higher yields. It is necessary to follow the consideration the germination rate of wheat 90 modern technique of broadcasting by % seeds, the amount of fertilizer added per scattering the granules by two passes across hectare and the recommendations of many the field; in this case, half of the seeding rate researches due to articles in particular (13), must be applied for each pass as recommended by many researchers and specialists (22) This regarding the optimal seed rate for unit of area, the seed rates of 160 and 200 kg ha-1 were study was aimed to determine the best seeding selected for sown by each of seed drill and pattern and seeding rate applied to introduce grain spreader. It should be noted that these highest wheat yield in Sulaimani region
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