EFFECT OF SOME FUNGICIDES AND MULBERRY TOTAL SAPONIN EXTRACT ON FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES

Abstract

Copper sulfate, thiophanate-methyl, carboxin and mulberry total saponin extract were added to PDA medium at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800μg/ml for copper sulfate against Al. alternata, of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50μg/ml for thiophanate-methyl against B. cinerea, of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100μg/ml for carboxin against R. solani, S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum and of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000μg/ml for total saponin (TS) against the previous fungi as well as against Bacillus subtilis, Eschericha coli, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus vulgaris, Streptomyces sp. and Erwinia amylovora. The in vitro growth response (inhibition of linear growth), EC50, EC90 and slope of fungi and inhibition zone of bacteria were tested. Other experiments had been done in the greenhouse to test the effect of carboxin fungicide and mulberry TS extract on the change percentage of number healthy seedling, shoot & root length and dry weight for tomato seedling after 35days from sowing in sterilized and infected soil with S. rolfsii fungus. The results of laboratory experiments indicated that both of TS and carboxin fungicide have the same trend which they were more toxic against S. rolfsii than both R. solani and F. oxysporum at different concentrations. Also thiophanate-methyl and copper sulfate fungicides were more toxic than TS against B. cinerea and Al. alternata, respectively. Total saponin at different concentrations, had moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus vulgaris, weak activity against Eschericha coli and Streptomyces sp. and no effect against Erwinia amylovora. The greenhouse experiment results indicated that adding TS or carboxin to tomato seeds before sowing in both of sterilized and infected soil, enhanced the growth seedlings system included shoot and root length. TS was more effective than carboxin on the growth seedlings system. While carboxin fungicide expressed moderate effect on the growth seedlings system, it represented the best highest percentage in healthy seedlings.