Abstract
Perovskite solar cell (PSC) is recognized as one of the most promising solar cells because of a drastic enhancement in photovoltaic performance. Numerous studies showed that grain size in a perovskite layer plays a vital role in determining the PSC performance. It is expected that the large-sized grains are beneficial for PSCs due to less grain boundaries and reduced non-radiative recombination losses. The perovskite grains can be enlarged by many methods including solvent annealing approach in which an as-prepared perovskite film is annealed under dimethylformamide (DMF) vapor environment. In this work, the effect of the amount of DMF and annealing time on the surface morphology and photovoltaic parameters of PSCs were investigated and compared to the pristine devices. It was found from the inspection with FESEM images that perovskite grains were significantly enlarged as DMF was introduced. As a result, the overall photovoltaic parameters of DMF-based devices are superior to that of the pristine devices. The best device obtained using two rounds of 50 µL DMF for 15 minutes annealing shows maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.0% compared to 15.3% of the pristine devices.
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