Effect of solar radiation and operating factor of the PV module on the loss of load probability of a PV-Battery system

Abstract

A photovoltaic Battery (PV-Battery) system is considered one of the most promising renewable energy off-grid systems. In a conventional design of PV systems generally, an annual average solar radiation of a site and a constant operating factor of the PV module (0.75) are considered. This research aims to find the effect of the two design parameters (solar radiation and operating factor (OPV) of the PV panel) on the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) of the PV-Battery system and to find out the optimum PV array size which is adequate to supply the energy requirement of an agricultural farm, under the climatic conditions of Haldia, India. Four different global solar irradiation have been considered for the design of the PV-Battery systems based on worst month radiation (4.05 kWh/m2/day), yearly average radiation (4.84 kWh/m2/day), yearly average radiation without rainy season months (5.14 kWh/m2/day), and best month radiation (6.28 kWh/m2/day) along with three different OPV of the PV panel (0.7, 0.75 and 0.8). The monthly LLP, yearly LLP variations, PV panel size, and the area required for the installation of PV panels are studied. The results of the study find the LLP as 0 of the system at the radiation of 4.84 kWh/m2/day with the OPV as 0.75 while LLP is in the range of 0.01–0.05 for the radiation of 5.14 kWh/m2/day with the OPV as 0.7. The model developed should be able to design PV systems for any agricultural load designed with the desired LLP.