Abstract
The resistance of dike materials has a great effect on the development of hydraulic engineering around the world. It helps to understand the mechanism of dike failure occurred due to the influence of hydraulics and Geotechnical parameters. The overtopping moment is one of the main failures that reduces the stability of the dike embankment through initiating the breach channel inside dike crest as a result of water flow above the downstream slope of the dike. Two spatial overtopping tests were conducted at in Hydraulic Geotechnical laboratories at the University Sains of Malaysia to observe the evolution of matric suction and volumetric water content for two soil types of sand and very silty sand soils. A pilot channel was cut in dike crest along the side wall of the small flume channel to represent the transition water flow from upstream into downstream slopes during overtopping test. The results indicated that the matric suction decreases due to the increase of volumetric water content during the saturation of dike body. The proportion increasing and decreasing of volumetric water content and matric suction is lower in very silty sand than those in sand soil due to the presence of fine particles in previous soil.
Highlights
The construction of dike embankment has an essential situation in developing the areas of hydraulics and civil engineering
In 1990, a Series of overtopping tests were conducted by the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit to observe the erosion process in the dike embankment of grass covered in dike channel
The reductions and increasing of negative pore water pressures and volumetric water contents, respectively, for the three groups occurred after overtopping failure due to the development of the breach channel inside the pilot channel in the dike crest
Summary
The construction of dike embankment has an essential situation in developing the areas of hydraulics and civil engineering. In 1990, a Series of overtopping tests were conducted by the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit to observe the erosion process in the dike embankment of grass covered in dike channel. The authors have observed that the percentages increasing of water content are higher for slope of 1V:3H than the other slope prior to overtopping failure and vice versa after the overtopping moment This is due to the increasing of erosion process rate inside breach channel and accelerate the decreasing of negative pore water pressures [31]. Two spatial overtopping tests were conducted in Hydraulic Geotechnical laboratories at the Universiti Sains to evaluate the development of matric suction (negative pore water pressure) and volumetric water content through using tensiometer and Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) sensors, respectively of six groups for sandy and very silty sand soil
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