Abstract
Abstract Bactrocera carambolae is a quarantine pest present in Brazil and today represents the main phytosanitary barrier to the export of the fresh fruits produced in the country. The effect of soil classes and moisture on the pupation depth and pupal viability of this insect was evaluated. Soils with three textural classes (sandy, sandy clay loam and clay loam) and four moisture levels (0%, 30%, 60% and 90% of field capacity of each soil) were used, for a total of 12 treatments with six repetitions. The pupation depths varied from the surface to 5 cm. The soil class was the most significant variable regarding the pupal development of B. carambolae. The moisture level did not have a significant effect on the pupation depth or pupal emergence, but there was a strong effect of the interaction of soil texture and moisture on the pupal viability, with an increase in emergence with higher moisture in the clay loam and sandy clay loam soils.
Highlights
The carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a quarantine pest in Brazil due to its economic importance
The dispersion of the carambola fruit fly to other fruit producing regions of Brazil could generate losses estimated at USD 34 million in the first three years, only considering national production of mangoes (Miranda et al, 2015)
Third-instar larvae of B. carambolae were obtained from a colony maintained since 2013 in the Plant Protection Laboratory, according to the methodology adapted from Bariani et al (2016), using a diet for larvae based on carrots
Summary
The carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a quarantine pest in Brazil due to its economic importance. Its occurrence is considered to be the main phytosanitary barrier to the export of fresh fruits produced in Brazil, since its presence in productive areas is cause for quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries (Godoy et al, 2011). The dispersion of the carambola fruit fly to other fruit producing regions of Brazil could generate losses estimated at USD 34 million in the first three years, only considering national production of mangoes (Miranda et al, 2015). Bactrocera carambolae infests more than 100 species of fruiting plants in Southeast Asia, its center of origin (Malavasi, 2015). Adult emergence takes place between eight and 11 days later (Malavasi, 2015; Castilho et al, 2019)
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