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Abstract
Background: Valproic Acid (VPA) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs and is regarded as a first choice for most forms of seizures. Although valproic acid has a wide therapeutic window, yet it is associated with many adverse effects. Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of sodium valproate on renal cortex structure of adult male albino rats, and the role of cinnamon. Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult male albino rats weighing 160-180 grams were divided into four equal groups: Group I: control group, group II: sodium valproate group (500 ml/kg/day orally), group III: Cinnamon extract group (4ml/rat/day orally) and group IV: sodium valproate and cinnamon extract group. Drugs were given orally once daily for four weeks. Kidney samples were collected for histological, imunohistochmical and ultrastructural studies. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) concentration were measured. Morphometric quantitative study for area percentage of collagen fibers and Caspase-3 +ve cells were done. Results: Examination of the renal cortex of sodium valproate ingested group demonstrated atrophied glomerulus with collapsed tuft, widening of bowman's space, degenerated tubule, hemorrhage and cellular infiltration. Moreover, the collagen fibers increased as well as focal loss of the basement membrane and brush border of the tubules. Caspase-3 +ve cells significantly increased after sodium valproate administration. Rarefaction of the cytoplasm, degeneration of mitochondria, loss of apical microvilli and pyknotic nucleus were observed in the electron microscopically study. The kidney functions demonstrated significant increase in concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr). In contrast, cinnamon extract administration with sodium valproate ingested group showed some amelioration in the renal cortex structure and function. Conclusion: Sodium valproate aggravated the histological structure of the renal cortex. However, cinnamon extract could ameliorate the changes due to its antioxidants effect.
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