Effect of Sodium Azide on Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Traits in the M2 Generation of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes.

Micheale Yifter Weldemichael,Hagos Mohammedseid Juhar,Medhin Teklay,Haftay Abadi Gebru,Desta Berhe Sbhatu,Birhanu Kahsay Meresa,Mohammed Mebrahtu Mossa,Girmay Gebresamuel Abraha,Fiseha Baraki Sibhatu,Yemane Tsehaye Baryatsion,Abraha Birhan Kassa,Mullubrhan Mekonen Gebru,Birhanu Debesay Berhe,Hailay Mehari Gebremedhn,Tesfakiros Semere Gebrelibanos,Jacek Karwowski

doi:10.1155/2021/6660711

Micheale Yifter Weldemichael, Hagos Mohammedseid Juhar + Show 14 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660711

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Abstract

The emerging oilseed crop Sesamum indicum, also known as the queen of oilseeds, is being grown globally for its oil content for medicinal and nutritional values. One of the key challenges of sesame cultivation is its low productivity. In the present study, sodium azide (NaN3) was used as a chemical mutagen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaN3 on quantitative and qualitative stem traits in the M2 generation of Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Seeds of fourteen sesame genotypes were used in this study and germinated and grown under greenhouse conditions. Different qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Traits such as plant height, ground distance to first distance, and internode length were significantly affected by NaN3 treatment. The highest plant height was recorded in the control on Humera 1 and Baha Necho genotypes, while the lowest was observed on Setit 2 and Hirhir treated with the chemical. The highest ground distance to the first branch was observed in Gumero, while the least ground distance was recorded in Setit 1 in the treated and control genotypes, respectively. The best internode length was recorded on Setit 2 and ADI in the control, while the lowest internode length was observed in Setit 1 genotype treated with sodium azide. Genotypes such as ACC44, ADI, Baha Necho, Borkena, Gonder 1, and Setit 1 treated with NaN3 have showed glabrous type of stem hairiness. All the fourteen genotypes (both treated and control) were clustered into four groups. In conclusion, we observed a highly significant variation among the genotypes due the effect of the chemical and genotypes themselves. Hence, this report would create more genetic diversity for further sesame genetic research improvements.

Highlights

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n 26) is one of the ancient oilseed crops, cultivated in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America [1, 2]
Results and Discussion e results presented that all the traits were significantly affected by sodium azide treatment. is study was conducted for the production of mutants having unique characters related to enhanced yield and quality of grains from the Ethiopian genotypes in relation to plant height and related traits as a main trait for yield improvement
Effects of NaN3 on Quantitative Traits of M2 Plants. e analysis of variance (ANOVA) result showed that the NaH3-treated M1 seeds resulted in varied effects on the various traits of the M2 plants of the 14 genotypes. e interaction effects (NaH3 on the genotypes) on quantitative traits were significantly different from each other for different characters. us, the concentration of NaN3 and the genotypes showed highly significant effect on the various quantitative data including ground distance to the first branch (GDFB), internode length (IL), and plant height at p ≤ 0.01 (Table 3)

Summary

Introduction

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n 26) is one of the ancient oilseed crops, cultivated in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America [1, 2]. Sesame seed is an important oilseed crop which has high nutrition and oil quality and pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses [3]. Sesame seeds are rich in oil (50–55%), proteins (18–20%), carbohydrate (13.4–25.0%), and digestible fiber (9.8%) [4]. Sesame seed has numerous applications for nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial uses due to its high-quality oil and referred as the “queen of oilseeds” [2, 5, 6]. Sesame seed is rich in vitamins such as vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxin (B6), e Scientific World Journal and folate (B9) and minerals including calcium (1.35%), potassium (0.67%), pantothenic acid (0.60%), phosphorous, iron, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin B1 [7]. Along with enhancing the nutritional importance of the crop, enhancing the yield is one of the key objectives of sesame breeding and production [8, 9]

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