Abstract
As an important source of soil moisture content during spring in high-latitude areas, snow cover affects the occurrence of spring drought and crop yield and quality. There has not been sufficient research on the effect of winter snow cover on spring soil moisture content. This paper focuses on the main agricultural areas of Northeast China—the Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain. Using meteorological data of both spring soil moisture content and snow cover at 19 agricultural meteorological stations from 1983 to 2019, the effect of snow cover on spring soil moisture content in the Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain is studied by variance analysis, spatial analysis, and correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) Compared to the Sanjiang Plain, the Songnen Plain has a significantly lower content of soil moisture at the surface (0–10 cm) and deep layer (10–20 cm, 20–30 cm) during the entire spring and every month of spring (p < 0.05), and a greater interannual variation of soil moisture. (2) Snow cover has a significant effect on spring soil moisture in the Songnen Plain, but not as much as one in the Sanjiang Plain. For the Songnen Plain, snow-cover duration and the snow-cover onset date has a lasting influence on spring soil moisture until May, which can extend to as deep as 20–30 cm. As months go by, its influence on shallow-layer soil gradually wears off. Maximum snow depth and the snow-cover end date only influence the April surface soil. (3) Snow cover has a strong effect on soil moisture conservation in more arid areas. Delayed snow-cover onset date, earlier snow-cover end date, and significantly shortened snow-cover duration all contribute to a spring drought soil condition in the Songnen Plain.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilSnow is the most active constituent of the cryosphere [1]
Spring soil moisture content varies between 69.35% and
Our results show that previous autumn precipitation, snow-cover duration, and snow-cover onset date are the most important factors affecting the soil moisture of each layer on the Songnen Plain during the spring months
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilSnow is the most active constituent of the cryosphere [1]. In high-latitude areas, water is released in the form of melted snow in just a few days [2] and comprises an important source of soil moisture in spring [3,4]. Due to global warming, the area of snow cover has dropped significantly in the northern hemisphere in the past few decades [6,7]. Prominent changes in snow cover are observed in spring. Snow cover area has seen a significant reduction during spring in the northern hemisphere [9], and snow starts to melt at a significantly earlier time in Eurasia during spring [10,11,12,13]. The decline in snow reserves and the rapid, earlier disappearance of snow cover, which causes the spring warming and soil aridness, have been the center iations
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