Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) is critical to carrier extraction for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the morphology and surface condition of the ETL could influence the topography of the perovskite layer. ZnO, TiO2, and SnO2 were widely investigated as ETL materials. However, TiO2 requires a sintering process under high temperature and ZnO has the trouble of chemical instability. SnO2 possesses the advantages of low-temperature fabrication and high conductivity, which is critical to the performance of PSCs prepared under low temperature. Here, we optimized the morphology and property of SnO2 by modulating the concentration of a SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution. When adjusting the concentration of SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution to 5 wt.% (in water), SnO2 film indicated better performance and the perovskite film has a large grain size and smooth surface. Based on high efficiency (16.82%), the device keeps a low hysteresis index (0.23).
Highlights
electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improves the charge transport efficiency, avoiding the influence of charge accumulation on the device lifetime
We have investigated the effects of different SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution concentrations on perovskite films and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements were performed
We found that the perovskite film prepared with 5 wt.% SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution has a large grain size and the morphology of perovskite layer could be modulated by controlling the SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution concentration
Summary
ETLs in PSCs promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improves the charge transport efficiency, avoiding the influence of charge accumulation on the device lifetime. Organic materials have good solubility in the treatment process, their low electron mobility and high cost hinder the commercialization of PSCs. Inorganic materials, especially metal oxides [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], are endowed with superior advantages of low cost, high stability, and excellent photoelectric property [12,19,20], are usually used as electron transport layer materials.
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