Abstract
The SnO x film was deposited on titanium by sol–gel dipping process. After drying at 80 °C for 5 h, the films were treated for 10 min at different temperature. A thin and coherent SnO x film with small spherical pores obtained at 300 °C served as an effective oxygen diffusion barrier and improved titanium–porcelain adhesion. The SnO x film changed the fracture mode of the titanium–porcelain system and improved the mechanical and chemical bonding between porcelain and titanium, resulted in the increased bonding strength of titanium–porcelain.
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