Abstract
Sand production from a poorly consolidated reservoir could give rise to some severe problems during production. Holding the load bearing solids in place is the main goal of any sand control technique. The only sand control techniques that have found applications in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) are some of the mechanical methods, including wire wrapped screens, slotted liners and more recently, punched screens. Slotted liner is one of the most effective mechanical sand control methods in the unconsolidated reservoir exploitation, which has proven to be the preferred sand control method in the SAGD operations. The main advantage of the slotted liners that makes them suitable for SAGD operations is their superior mechanical integrity for the completion of long horizontal wells. This study is an attempt to increase the existing understanding of the fines migration, sand production, and plugging tendency for slotted liners by using a novel large-scale scaled completion test (SCT) facility. A triaxial cell assembly was used to load sand-packs with specified and controlled grain size distribution, shape and mineralogy, on multi-slot sand control coupons. Different stress levels were applied parallel and perpendicular to different combinations of slot width and density in multi-slot coupons, while brine was injected from the top of the sand-pack towards the coupon. At each stress level, the mass of produced sand was measured, and the pressure drops along the sand-pack and coupon were recorded. Fines migration was also investigated by measuring fines/clay concentration along the sand-pack. The current study employed multi-slot coupons to investigate flow interactions among slots and its effect on the flow performance of liner under typically encountered stresses in SAGD wells. According to the experimental observations, increasing slot width generally reduces the possibility of pore plugging caused by fines migration. However, there is a limit for slot aperture beyond which the plugging is not reduced any further, and only a higher level of sanding occurs. Test measurements also indicated that besides the slot width, the slot density also influences the level of plugging and sand production and must be included in the design criteria.
Highlights
IntroductionThe unconventional resource, which generally oil and gas resources, are the resources that are ‘locked’ in unconventional formations (such as shale and tight sandstone) and specialized production techniques (such as hydraulic fracturing and Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)) are required [1]
The unconventional resource, which generally oil and gas resources, are the resources that are ‘locked’ in unconventional formations and specialized production techniques are required [1]
Porous are plugged by migrated fines, clays or other byproducts; and (2) slot plugging, which is studies have been conducted to investigate the plugging of slots
Summary
The unconventional resource, which generally oil and gas resources, are the resources that are ‘locked’ in unconventional formations (such as shale and tight sandstone) and specialized production techniques (such as hydraulic fracturing and SAGD) are required [1]. Unconventional oil is a special type of petroleum which is difficult to extract or refine, due to its high viscosity or being trapped/locked in geological structure with compacted or poorly connected pore spaces (such as oil sand, bitumen and shale oil, etc.) [2,3]. The extraction of unconventional oil is relatively economically challenging. With the new technologies that have been continually developed, the cost of the production of unconventional oil resources can be significantly reduced.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have