Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study which was carried out to examine the influence of the size and the layout of the web openings on the load carrying capacity and the serviceability of reinforced concrete deep beams. Five full-scale simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams with two large web openings created in shear regions were tested up to failure. The shear span to overall depth ratio was (1.1). Square openings were located symmetrically relative to the midspan section either at the midpoint or at the interior boundaries of the shear span. Two different side dimensions for the square openings were considered, mainly, (200) mm and (230) mm. The strength results proved that the shear capacity of the deep beam is governed by the size and location of web openings. The experimental results indicated that the reduction of the shear capacity may reach (66%). ABAQUS finite element software program was used for simulation and analysis. Numerical analyses provided un-conservative estimates for deep beam load carrying capacity in the range between (5-21%). However, the maximum scatter of the finite element method predictions for first diagonal and first flexural cracking loads was not exceeding (17%). Also, at service load the numerical of midspan deflection was greater than the experimental values by (9-18%).
Highlights
Deep beams are important construction elements that are often used in foundations, water tanks, beams in multi-story buildings, etc
The cracking history of the tested deep beams started with the appearance of diagonal cracks at the corners of the square openings
Increasing the side dimension of the square opening from (200) mm to (230) mm was resulted in decreasing the first diagonal cracking load by (8-23%), the first flexural cracking load by (8-13%) and the failure load by (8-19%) depending on the position of the opening relative to the shear span
Summary
Deep beams are important construction elements that are often used in foundations, water tanks, beams in multi-story buildings, etc. Results of the aforementioned study indicated that, increasing shear span to effective depth ratio from (0.6) to (1.0) led to reduction in the values of the first cracking and failure loads by (28.6%) and (23.3%), respectively. 2015 [11] implemented nonlinear finite element software (ANSYS) to examine ten reinforced concrete deep beams with single large web opening under one point loading. These beams were strengthened by using CFRP sheets except one which was referred as a reference beam (i.e., beams without strengthening). The comparison of results indicated that the proposed method can rationally evaluate the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams with web openings
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