Effect of Six Months Lifestyle Intervention in Japanese Men with Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been remarkably increasing worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effect of lifestyle intervention among subjects with MS. We investigated the effect of a six-month lifestyle modification program on the prevalence of MS and its associated biomarkers among Japanese men with MS. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n=53) or control (n=54) group. Subjects in the intervention group received a lifestyle modification program focused on exercise and diet behavior from a trained occupational health nurse at the baseline and at one and three months. The effect of intervention was assessed by differences in changes in the prevalence of MS, its components and associated biomarkers between the two groups. Of the 107 participants, 102 completed the survey at the end of six months (intervention group, n=49; control group, n=53). During the study period, the prevalence of MS decreased to 65.3% and 62.3% in the intervention group and control group, respectively. However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.75). A significant reduction in body weight, waist circumference and glycated hemoglobin was observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. In the intervention group, time spent on physical activity was increased by nearly one hour per week, and the intakes of cereals and sugar and sweeteners were significantly decreased. Although the tailor-made lifestyle modification program among men with MS did not provide an additional benefit in decreasing the prevalence of MS, it may help weight control and improve glucose metabolism.