Effect of Single Bout of Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Girth and Cardiovascular response: A Pretest, Post-test Quasi-experimental Study

Abstract

Introduction: Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) was developed by Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SATO) in Japan in 1966. BFRT is a method that mimics the effects of high-intensity training by combining low-intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. It involves limb compression using compression cuffs to limit venous outflow and minimise arterial inflow during rehabilitation training. By allowing individuals to lift smaller loads and increase strength training gains, BFRT can reduce the overall stress exerted on the limb. Aim: To assess the difference in muscle girth and blood pressure after a single bout of BFRT. Materials and Methods: This was a single-blinded, singlesite pretest, post-test quasi-experimental study. A total of 30 subjects were enrolled (16 females and 14 males) between the ages of 18 to 25 years. This study was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Outcome measures included muscle girth measured using a flexible tape and blood pressure using an automatic oscillometric device (Omron Hem 7113, São Paulo, Brazil). Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: It was found that an acute bout of BFRT caused improvement in all outcome measures. There was a statistically significant increase in muscle girth and blood pressure after BFRT (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in blood pressure (both Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)) and muscle girth after BFRT with no reported adverse effects.