Effect of simulated toothbrushing on the surface roughness of LOCATOR abutments: An in vitro study

Abstract

Studies evaluating the effect of toothbrushing and toothpaste abrasivity on the surface roughness of LOCATOR abutments are lacking. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the surface roughness of LOCATOR abutments before and after simulated toothbrushing with different toothpastes to make recommendations for the home care of patients with LOCATOR abutments. LOCATOR bone-level overdenture abutments (N=36) were analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (Keyence VK-X1100) at ×5 magnification. Surface scans were made to determine the degree of surface roughness (Ra). Two toothpastes of different abrasivity (Colgate Total and Crest ProHealth) and deionized water were used as the brushing media (n=12). Each toothpaste was mixed with water in a 1:2 ratio. The abutments were brushed using soft nylon toothbrushes for 30 000 cycles in a ZM-3.12 toothbrushing simulator, which has been interpreted as 3 years of regular use. All specimens were then reanalyzed under the microscope. Changes in surface texture were compared by using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and a pairwise Šídák multiple comparisons test (α=.05). The mean surface roughness value of LOCATOR abutments at baseline ranged between 1.34µm and 1.35µm. After 30 000 cycles of toothbrushing simulation, the mean value increased to 1.62µm (DI water, P=.001), 1.74µm (Colgate Total, P<.001), and 2.03µm (Crest ProHealth, P<.001). All brushing media resulted in a statistically significant increase in surface roughness (P<.001). LOCATOR abutments demonstrated significant increases in surface roughness after being subjected to toothbrushing, regardless of the brushing medium. Whitening toothpaste caused significantly more surface roughness than nonabrasive toothpaste and deionized water. Deionized water resulted in the lowest increase in surface roughness.