Abstract
Antibiotic resistance against present antibiotics is rising at an alarming rate with need for discovery of advanced methods to treat infections caused by resistant pathogens. Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit satisfactory antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against different pathogens. In the present study, the AgNPs were synthesized chemically and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Antibacterial activity against MDR K. pneumoniae strains was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth microdilution assay. Cellular protein leakage was determined by the Bradford assay. The effect of AgNPs on production on extracellular polymeric substances was evaluated. Biofilm formation was assessed by tube method qualitatively and quantitatively by the microtiter plate assay. The cytotoxic potential of AgNPs on HeLa cell lines was also determined. AgNPs exhibited an MIC of 62.5 and 125 μg/ml, while their MBC is 250 and 500 μg/ml. The production of extracellular polymeric substance decreased after AgNP treatment while cellular protein leakage increased due to higher rates of cellular membrane disruption by AgNPs. The percentage biofilm inhibition was evaluated to be 64% for K. pneumoniae strain MF953600 and 86% for MF953599 at AgNP concentration of 100 μg/ml. AgNPs were evaluated to be minimally cytotoxic and safe at concentrations of 15-120 μg/ml. The data evaluated by this study provided evidence of AgNPs being safe antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds against MDR K. pneumoniae.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance has been identified as one of the three major problems countered in human health by the World Health Organization (WHO)
The results revealed that NPs showed antibacterial activities in a dose-dependent manner since the diameter of zone of inhibition was increased by increasing the concentrations of AgNPs. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
We described the potential of AgNPs to target biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance has been identified as one of the three major problems countered in human health by the World Health Organization (WHO). This problem has emerged globally due to indiscriminate and extensive use of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance in K. pneumoniae became a worldwide threat for human health with high mortality rates and less treatment options. Under such situations, multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae can only be treated by tigecycline and colistin that are the last resorts of antibacterial drugs [3]
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