Effect of Silica, Bio-Organic Fertilizers, and Spraying of Nano-Titanium and Nano-Cobalt on the Growth and Yield of Rice

Abstract

In order to evaluate the response of rice plant (Anber 33 cultivar) to fertilization with silica, bio-organic fertilizers and spraying nano-titanium and nano-cobalt on some growth indicators and the yield of rice crop Anber 33 cultivar, The field study was conducted in Al-Tali’a district (boycott 41 - Al-Hussainiya) Babylon province, Iraq. for the period from 15/6/2021 to 23/11/2021.The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD).The treatments were randomly distributed according to a simple one-way experiment, where silica fertilizer was added to the treatments at two levels (0 and 300 kg ha-1), as well as the bio-organic fertilizer was added to the treatments at two levels (0 and 1000 kg ha-1).While the treatments of spraying with nanomaterial’s represented by spraying nano-titanium and nano-cobalt and dual sprays of nanomaterials with concentration of 100 mg L-1 each, so the number of treatments was 16 treatments and three replicates. The results of the statistical analysis of Duncan’s test showed that the combined effect of (silica fertilizer + nano-cobalt spray + nano-titanium) recorded the highest results in plant height (122.0) cm, chlorophyll index (40.97) SPAD, and Netting percentage (70.20)%, as well as fertilization (silica and nano-titanium spray). The highest increase in biological yield was recorded (16.25) Mg ha-1, The treatment (silica + bio-organic fertilization + doul spraying of nano-materials) recorded the highest grain yield (4.43) Mg ha-1 and the harvest index (29.69)%, and the weight of 1000 grains (20.90) g. The nano-cobalt spray recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4270.8) kg kg-1.