Effect of short-term high-protein compared with normal-protein diets on renal hemodynamics and associated variables in healthy young men

Abstract

BackgroundHigh-protein diets are effective for weight reduction; however, little is known about the potential adverse renal effects of such diets. ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to compare the effect of a high-protein (HP) with a normal-protein (NP) diet on renal hemodynamics and selected clinical-chemical factors. DesignWe prospectively studied the effect of an HP diet (2.4 g · kg−1 · d−1) with that of an NP diet (1.2 g · kg−1 · d−1) on the glomerular filtration rate (assessed on the basis of sinistrin—an inulin analog—clearance) and renal plasma flow (para-aminohippuric acid clearance) by using the constant infusion technique. Filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance were calculated. Twenty-four healthy young men followed the 2 diet protocols for 7 d each in a crossover design. They were individually advised by a dietitian to achieve the planned protein intake by selecting normal foods under isocaloric conditions. Serum and urinary variables and renal hemodynamics were measured on day 7 of both diets. ResultsThe glomerular filtration rate (NP: 125 ± 5 mL/min; HP: 141 ± 8 mL/min; P < 0.001) and filtration fraction (NP: 23 ± 5%; HP: 28 ± 5%; P < 0.05) increased significantly with the HP diet. Renal plasma flow was not significantly different between the HP (496 ± 25 mL/min) and NP (507 ± 18 mL/min) phases. Renal vascular resistance was not significantly different between the NP (94 ± 6 mm Hg · mL−1 · min−1) and HP (99 ± 8 mm Hg · mL−1 · min−1) phases. Blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, glucagon, natriuresis, urinary albumin, and urea excretion increased significantly with the HP diet. ConclusionsA short-term HP diet alters renal hemodynamics and renal excretion of uric acid, sodium, and albumin. More attention should be paid to the potential adverse renal effects of HP diets.