Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes sinusitis. The general treatment of S. pneumonia sinusitis is by using antibiotics; however, one of their serious problems is the attenuation of their effect. Shin'iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang), a formula of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine, has been used for the treatment of sinusitis in Japan. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of Shin'iseihaito against S. pneumoniae-caused sinusitis in mice. Oral administration of Shin'iseihaito extract (SSHT) decreased the nasal colonization of S. pneumoniae in both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, respectively, and the former was more effective than the latter. Histopathological analysis revealed that the epithelial tissue from S. pneumoniae-infected nose under SSHT treatment recovered the tissue destruction in comparison to infected nose. We also confirmed this result by scanning electron microscopic analysis. Murine peritoneal macrophages from SSHT-treated mice had significant phagocytic activity in comparison to those from untreated group. We also found that tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels and the migration of macrophages from S. pneumoniae-infected mice with the treatment with SSHT were increased compared to those from untreated group. Our data suggest that Shin'iseihaito may be useful for the treatment of S. pneumoniae-induced sinusitis.
Highlights
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the grampositive bacterium which is the most common pathogen causing sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, especially in young children and the elderly [1]
Histopathological analysis showed the destruction of epithelial nasal mucosa in S. pneumoniae-infected mice, and we confirmed the improvement of epithelial nasal mucosal disruption in SSHTtreated mice in prophylactic protocol (Figure 4)
Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis demonstrated the extensive destruction of ciliated epithelial cells in S. pneumoniaeinfected mice, and incomplete recovery of ciliated epithelial cells was found in Shin’iseihaito extract (SSHT)-treated mice in prophylactic protocol (Figure 5)
Summary
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the grampositive bacterium which is the most common pathogen causing sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, especially in young children and the elderly [1]. Antibiotics such as penicillin have been effective against S. pneumoniae for long time, several serious problems against S. pneumoniae therapy have occurred. One of them is the attenuation of the antibiotic effect. Concentrations 90%) against intermediately resistant S. pneumoniae that were not achievable [2]. Recently, multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae has been increasing in Japan and worldwide [3]. As S. pneumoniae get antibacterial activity gradually, new anti-infective therapy against S. pneumoniae is desired
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