Effect of shift to virtual teaching on active learning: A snapshot.

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Active learning engages students via interaction for deeper understanding and retention. A global pandemic resulted in an abrupt mid-semester transition from in-person to virtual learning. This study examined student reporting on active learning before and after this transition. First-year DDS candidates took an anonymous survey, reflecting on three Spring (January-April) 2020 courses (lecture-style, small-group case-based, and pre-clinical). Survey questions included: (1) basic demographics, (2) reporting frequency (1-Never, 2-Rarely, 3-Sometimes, 4-Often, 5-Always) of active learning elements from a pre-set list before/after the shift to online learning, and (3) Likert-style questions regarding effects on active learning and learning environment preference. The traditional lecture course manifested two active learning activities in the category Sometimes prior to the transition to virtual; one of those activities (question and answer) experienced the most significant difference (p<0.0001) in frequency change. The small group, case-based course incorporated nine activities in-person in the category Sometimes; although small significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in frequency were noted for five of those activities between virtual and in-person, these differences may have not have made a difference in practice. The pre-clinical course incorporated four activities in the category Sometimes pre-transition, with no significant differences detected in frequency. Students slightly leaned toward preferring in-person for the small-group and pre-clinical courses, but had no preference for the traditional lecture course. Course structure may correlate more with student experience of the frequency of active learning activities and preference for in-person versus virtual environment than the environment itself.