Effect of serum from patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on endothelial cells

Abstract

Introduction and objectives Clinical and experimental studies have shown that, in patients with reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), abnormalities in the endothelial monolayer are initiated during ischemia but rapidly intensify upon restoration of blood perfusion to the ischemic area. We aimed to evaluate the effect of serum isolated after revascularization from STEMI patients on the degree of endothelial permeability in vitro, by promoting endothelial cell apoptosis and necrosis in vitro. We also investigated the association between the percentage of serum-induced endothelial cell apoptosis or necrosis in vitro and the extent of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived parameters of reperfusion injury (edema, hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction).Methods Human coronary artery endothelial cells were incubated with serum isolated 24 hours after revascularization from 43 STEMI patients who underwent CMR and 14 control participants. We assessed the effect of STEMI serum on activation of apoptosis and necrosis, as well as on the permeability and structure of the endothelial monolayer.Results Serum from STEMI patients increased apoptosis (P < .01) and necrosis (P < .05) in human coronary artery endothelial cells and caused increased permeability of the endothelial monolayer in vitro (P < .01), due to enlarged intercellular spaces (P < .05 vs control in all cases). Higher serum-induced necrosis was associated with greater endothelial permeability in vitro (P < .05) and with more extensive CMR-derived indices of reperfusion injury and infarct size.Conclusions Postreperfusion serum activates necrosis and apoptosis in endothelial cells and increases the degree of endothelial permeability in vitro. The more potent the necrosis-triggering effect of serum, the more deleterious the consequences in terms of the resulting cardiac structure.