Abstract
A multi hop mobile ad hoc network is a peer to peer network of wireless nodes where nodes are required to perform routing activity to provide end to end connectivity among nodes. As mobile nodes are constrained by battery power and bandwidth, some nodes may behave selfishly and deny forwarding packets for other nodes, even though they expect other nodes to forward packets to keep network connected. We simulate two selfish behaviors on top of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol: the first, selfish nodes do not forward data or control packets (routing packets) for other nodes and the second, selfish nodes turn off their network interface card when they have nothing to communicate. We compare the energy saving to the selfish nodes for both the misbehaviors and show that the second selfish behavior saves more energy. This is important result because most of the cooperation enforcement mechanisms in literature, except PCOM [2], address the first selfish behavior. Also, the second selfish behavior can be easily done by layman users without any protocol level changes. Secondly, with our simulation study we find that in dense mobile ad hoc networks where route breakages are frequent, routing control packets consume significant fraction of node energy and selfish behavior by certain number of nodes reduce the overall routing overhead in network which in turn result in energy saving for both, well behaving nodes and selfish nodes.
Highlights
A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of wireless nodes communicating with each other in the absence of any infrastructure
We compare the energy saving to the selfish nodes for both the misbehaviors and show that the second selfish behavior saves more energy
With our simulation study we find that in dense mobile ad hoc networks where route breakages are frequent, routing control packets consume significant fraction of node energy and selfish behavior by certain number of nodes reduce the overall routing overhead in network which in turn result in energy saving for both, well behaving nodes and selfish nodes
Summary
A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of wireless nodes communicating with each other in the absence of any infrastructure. We studied various selfish behaviors in literature (Section 2: Related Work) and identified the following two representative selfish behaviors for simulation and analysis: 1) forwarding node selfish behavior: selfish nodes do not forward data or control packets (routing packets) for other nodes and 2) network card on/off selfish behavior: selfish nodes turn off their network interface card when they have nothing to communicate. We find that in dense mobile topology ad hoc networks selfish behavior by certain number of nodes reduce the overall routing overhead in network which in turn result in energy saving for both, well behaving nodes and selfish nodes. As in the dense network there are excessive number of nodes participating in route discovery, selfish behavior by certain number of nodes prunes some route discovery paths which in turn reduces the overall energy consumption of selfish nodes and other nodes along the pruned path and still keeps network connected. This paper is organized as follows: section 2 discusses related work; Section 3 is about simulation setup; section 4 presents simulation analysis; and section 5 presents our major conclusions and future work
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